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1. Tristesse in French means sadness.

2. Erasmus, Apophthegmata; varie mixta: Diversum Graecorum, IX (Opera, 1703–6, Vol. IV, col. 304EF).

3. Charles de Guise, Cardinal de Lorraine (at the Council of Trent).

4. Timanthes (Cicero, De Oratore, XXII; Quintillian, II, xiii, 12).

5. Ovid, Metamorphoses, VI, 304.

6. Virgil, Aeneid, XI, 151.

7. Paolo Giovio, Historia sui temporis, 1550, XXXIX. ’95: John of Hungary, a soldier was particularly remarked by everyone for showing outstanding personal bravery in a certain mêlée in which he fell, unidentified, but highly praised and pitied not least by a German lord called Raïsciac who was impressed by such great valour; when the body was brought back, that Lord, out of common curiosity, drew near to see who the man was. When the armour was stripped off the dead body he realized that it was his son. That increased the compassion of those present. He, without uttering a word or closing his eyes, remained standing, staring fixedly at his son until the vehement force of his sadness overwhelmed his vital spirits, and toppled him dead to the ground.

8. Petrarch, Sonnet 137.

9. Catullus, LI, 5.

10. ’88: ardour – an event with which I am not unacquainted. For pleasures… Seneca (the dramatist), Hippolitus, II, iii, 607.

11. Virgil, Aeneid, III, 306.

12. ’80: to natural weakness – (Pliny, Hist. nat., 54, for both anecdotes.)