Page 809

1. Aristotle, Nicomachaean Ethics, X, ix, 1180a (with, for Crete, I, xiii, 1102a). The educational ideas of Sparta so impressed Erasmus that he devoted a whole section of the Apophthegmata to them, remarking as how Christians can learn from them.

2. Juvenal, VI, 647–9; Hippocrates, in Plutarch (tr. Amyot), Comment il fault refrener la colere 579–H and, later, 60 E.

3. Juvenal, XIV, 70–3.

4. Ovid, De arte amandi, III, 503–4. (Echoes of Seneca’s De ira, III, xxxii, and of Plutarch’s (tr. Amyot) Comment il fault refrener la colere, and of Suetonius’ Caesar.)

5. Plutarch (tr. Amyot), Dicts notables des Lacedaemoniens, 216–18.

6. Plutarch (tr. Amyot), Comment il fault ouir, 26G. Then, Aulus Gellius, I, xxvi.

7. Plutarch (tr. Amyot), Comment il fault nourrir les enfans, 6D–E; Dicts notables des anciens Roys, 198 F–G. Both anecdotes are well-known from Erasmus’ Apophthegmata, VII, Plato, VII; I, Charillus seu Charilaus, XLV; cf. also VIII, Architas, XXXII.

8. Seneca, De ira, I, xvi.

9. Seneca, De ira, III, viii; then, Plutarch, Instruction pour ceulx qui manient affaires d’Estat, 169 B.

10. Virgil, Aeneid, VII, 462–6. (The man is unidentified.)

11. Erasmus, Apophthegmata, III, Diogenes Cynicus, XXXIII.

12. Seneca, Epist. moral., LVI, 10 – reading leniora (more gentle) not leviora (more light).

13. Claudianus, In Eutropium, I, 237; then Virgil, Aeneid, XII, 103–6.

14. Aristotle, Nicomachaean Ethics, III, viii, 1167b, commented on by Seneca, De ira, III, viii, in Montaigne’s sense.