Page 702

1. Opinion deriving from Aristotle’s treatise On Interpretation.

2. Praising and exalting God’s ‘name’ is a leitmotiv of the psalms.

3. Cf. I Timothy 1:17; I Chronicles 29:11–13.[A] until [C]: nothing so vain and so remotely…

4. The paeon of the angelic host at the Nativity (Luke 1:14).

5. Cicero, De finibus, III, xvii, 57.

6. Translated from Homer, Odyssey, XII, 184.

7. From the same section of Cicero’s De finibus as in note 5.

8. Juvenal, Satires, VII, 81.

9. Plutarch (tr. Amyot), Si ce nom commun est bien dict, Cache ta vie, 291 A ff.

10. Seneca, Epist. moral., XXI, 3 ff.

11. Quoted from Cicero, De finibus, II, xxx, 96–7, to prove how far apart were Epicurus’ words and his practices.

12. Same conclusion in Cicero, ibid., 101 (where the heir is normally called Amynochus).

13. He was leader of the New Academy and a declared opponent of the Stoics. His ideas are expounded by Cicero in De finibus, II, 35–59.

14. Aristotle, Nicomachaean Ethics, II, vii (1107b), during a general discussion of the Mean.

15. Horace, Odes, IV, ix, 29–30. (In context Horace means that heroes need poets to sing of their glories.)

16. Cicero, De finibus, II, xviii, 59.

17. Cicero, ibid., II, xviii, 58: Cicero adds that ‘you yourself would undoubtedly have done the same’.

18. Ibid., II, xvii, 55.

19. Those men, praised by Cicero (De finibus, II, xviii, 57), are condemned for the same reason as Montaigne in De officiis, III, 73.

20. Cicero, De officiis, III, x, 44 (adapted).

21. St Augustine, City of God, VII, iii; citing Sallust.

22. Cicero held that glory ‘follows virtue like a shadow’: Tusc. disput., I, xlv, 110.

23. [A] until [C]: who teach our fighting-men to have honour as their target and to seek nothing from valour but reputation, what do they achieve…Cicero, De officiis, I, iv, 14 (adapted).

24. Ibid., I, xix, 65.

25. Achieving tranquillity of mind was the aim of many classical philosophers.

26. II Corinthians 1:12.

27. Ariosto, Orlando furioso, XI, lxxxi.

28. Horace, Odes, III, ii, 17–20.

29. Cicero, De finibus, I, x, 36.

30. Cicero, Tusc. disput., V, xxxvi, 104.

31. Livy, XXXI, xxxiv.

32. Seneca, Epist. moral., XCI, 19 (adapted).

33. Cicero, De finibus, II, xv, 49. (A different reading is now current.)

34. Quintilian, I, xii, 19.

35. Ovid, Heroïdes, I, 18.

36. Livy, LIV, xxii.

37. Fabius’ delaying tactics in the war against Carthage earned him the hostile nickname Cunctator (the Delayer). It later became a title of praise (Livy, XXX, xxvi).

38. Persius, Satires, I, 47–9.

39. King Gyges’ ring (Cicero, De officiis, III, xix, 78).

40. Horace, Epistles, I, xvi, 39–40.

41. Persius, Satires, I, 5–7.

42. To make himself famous Herostratus set fire to the temple of Diana at Ephesus; Lucius Manlius the dictator sought renown from his imperious bullying (Livy, VII, iii). (Often cited together.)

43. There are no famous Eyquems in England, though links between families in the Bordeaux region and England were strong ever since both formed part of the Norman domains.

44. Persius, Satires, I, 37–40. (Cf. I, 46, ‘On names’.)

45. Juvenal, Satires, XIII, 9–10.

46. Virgil, Aeneid, VII, 646.

47. Plutarch (tr. Amyot), Dicts notables des Lacedaemoniens, 216H-217A.

48. Virgil, Aeneid, V, 302.

49. Seneca, Epist. moral., LXXXI, 20; Cicero, De finibus, II, xxii, 73.

50. Plato, Laws, XII, 950B–C. Plato’s ‘paedagogue’ is Socrates.

51. Cicero, De nat. deorum, I, xx, 53; Diogenes Laertius, Life of Plato, II, xxvi, 199 (tr. Timon).

52. Exodus 20:1 f.

53. Jean de Joinville, Cronique de Saint Loys, LVI; Lucan, Pharsalia, I, 461–2.

54. Cicero, De finibus, II, xv, 48.

55. Ovid, Amores, III, iv, 4. (Cf. Christ’s warning in Matthew 5:28.)

56. Montaigne’s discussion of honour echoes in general Aristotle’s conception of the great-souled man (Nicomachaean Ethics, IV, iii, 1124a–b).