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1. The human egg not yet having been discovered, many believed with Galen that children were produced by an intermingling of a (weaker) female semen with the male’s. By itself the female semen could at times produce moles, a misshapen lump. (Montaigne found the idea developed in Plutarch’s Matrimonial Precepts, which La Boëtie translated, and which Montaigne published in 1571.) 2. Virgil, Aeneid, VIII, 22.
3. Horace, Ars poetica, 7.
4. Martial, VII, lxxiii.
5. Lucan, Pharsalia, IV, 704.
6. Montaigne’s terms are the technical ones of melancholy madness. Cf. for example Milton’s Ode to Melancholy, where the English equivalents occur.