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1. Plutarch, Life of Pelopidas.

2. Claudianus, Ad Hadriam, 30.

3. Ovid, Tristia, III, v, 35–6.

4. Plutarch (tr. Amyot), Comment il faut uoir (30 G) and Pour quoy la justice divine differe… la punition (258 E-G).

5. S. Goulart, Histoire du Portugal, IV, xii.

6. From a note of Vives on Augustine, City of God, V, xxvii; then, Diogenes Laertius, Aristotle, V, xviii.

7. Livy, xxxiv, 28.

8. Enguerrand de Monstrelet, Chroniques, I, ix; Herodotus, I, lxxxii; Livy, I, xxiv.

9. Virgil, Aeneid, XI, 156–7.

10. Livy, Annals, XXVIII.

11. Tasso, Gierusalemme liberata, XII, 55–62.

12. Valerius Maximus, II, iii.

13. Plutarch, Life of Caesar, then, Life of Philopoemen.

14. Plato, Laches, 183 B–C; then Laws, 796.

15. Of the Eastern Empire. Zonaras, III.

16. Claudianus, In Eutropium, I, 182.

17. ’95: beauty. When such accounts are richly beautiful in themselves and can sustain themselves in isolation, I am content to link them to my argument with a scrap of hair. Among…Then Livy, XL, iii.

18. Josephus, De vita sua. (Torture was a legacy of Roman Law.)

19. Nicolas Chalcocondylas, Hist. de la decadence de l’Empire grec et l’etablissement de celui des Turcs, X, ii; Jacques Lavardin, Scanderbeg, Roi d’Albanie (1576), 446.

20. Plutarch (tr. Amyot), Malignité de Herodote, 651 C; then Bishop Paolo Giovio, Historia sui temporis, XIII.