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1. The official French Roman Catholic name for the religion of the Reformed Church of the ‘Calvinists’ was la Religion Prétendue Réformée, often abbreviated to RPR.

2. When Nero became Emperor in AD 54, Seneca, who had been his tutor, became his counsellor and minister; the Cardinal of Lorraine was counsellor to Charles IX.

3. Perhaps the Memoires de l’Estat de France, sous Charles Neufiesme of Simon Goulart.

4. Dion Cassius’ censures in his Greek Roman History (which was widely read in Xylander’s Latin translation) are normally accepted now as justified. (But cf. Tacitus, Annals, XIII, 1, XIV, liii, etc.)

5. Jean Bodin, Methodus ad facilem historiarum cognitionem, 1566, IV, p. 58.

6. Cicero, Tusc. disput., II, xiv, 34; cf. Erasmus, Apopkthegtnata, II, Prisca Lacedaemoniorum Instituta, XXXIV.

7. Spartan boys were underfed and taught to steal food: i) to increase their hardihood and skill at foraging in war; ii) to make Spartans defend their property. Any boy caught stealing was flogged. (Erasmus, Apophthegmata, XII.)

8. Ammanius Marcellinus, XXII, xvi; then Tacitus, Annals, IV, xlv and XV, lvii.

9. Cf. Cognatus’ Adage, Miles Romane, Aegyptum cave.

10. A well-known tale in Poggio’s Facetiae.

11. A reworked passage revealing Montaigne’s conception of philosophical ecstasy: i) ’80: do themselves. I consider some of those souls of the Ancients to be raised up to Heaven when valued against mine; and even though I realize that I am powerless to follow them, I do not give up judging the principles which raise and lift them thus aloft. I admire… ii) [‘95]… that the master Form of human nature is in himself and that all the others must be regulated in accordance with it. Attitudes which do not correspond to his own are feigned and false. Do you set before him some details of the deeds or capacities of another man? The first thing which he calls upon to guide his judgement is himself as a standard: as things go with him, thus must they go with the Order of the world. O dangerous and intolerable asininity! I consider…

12. Bodin, Methodus, IV, 58 (here and also later in the chapter). Over-popular leaders were indeed banished for five or ten years: i) by ostracism in Athens, signified by writing the leader’s name on a potsherd; ii) by petalism in Syracuse, signified by writing the name on an olive leaf.